This aesthetically beautiful but dark cartoon is from The Adventures of Mark Twain." This one is based on an unfinished work by Twain, called "The Mysterious Stranger". Reportedly, this cartoon got banned from TV as it is pretty intense and it is definitely not for children.
I personally see allegorical references to the Bible. Specifically to Genesis and the old testament.
Mark Twain, whose likeness we see in this cartoon, wrote in his "The Mysterious Stranger": "It is true, that which I have revealed to you; there is no God, no universe, no human race, no earthly life, no heaven, no hell. It is all a dream - a grotesque and foolish dream. Nothing exists but you. And you are but a thought - a vagrant thought, a useless thought, a homeless thought, wandering forlorn among the empty eternities."